Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) parasitize insects in the soil and are applied as environmentally friendly means for pest control in agriculture.Knowledge of how EPN infective juveniles (IJs) find their prey can be used to increase their effectiveness.Chemical signals in the soil are undoubtedly important but exactly which ones is little known.We
The English term "linguistic" has a general and a special meaning.In ordinary or standard language "Gemeinsprache") linguistic means "of language", "belonging to language" ("sprachlich"), language taken in its everyday meaning, as in English language, German language etc.Thus, an expression like a linguistic sign may be paraphrased by a sign of lan
Abstract Infrared neural stimulation has consistently shown that temperature is a critical neuronal state variable.However, a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical background is essential.In this study, using high-density laminar electrode recordings, we investigated the impact of pulsed and continuous-wave infrared illumination on cortica
Piezoelectric micro-pumps offer many applications and could provide considerable flow rates in miniature systems.This study parametrically investigates the effects of major parameters, namely the length, width and attack angle of valves, piezoelectric length, and applied voltage.The results show that these parameters significantly affect the perfor
Drilling and blasting is still the most widely used method for tunnel excavation in hard rocks.However, this method causes damage to adjacent buildings and structures mainly because of tunnel blast-induced vibrations.Currently, no specific guidelines are available for optimizing the design of damping holes during controlled blasting.Therefore, this